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Featured Reviews
Heart Failure With Mildly Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Call for a Precision Medicine Approach
This state-of-the-art review highlights heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) (LVEF 41–49%) as a distinct yet heterogeneous phenotype. It explores its unique pathophysiology (hybrid features of HFrEF and HFpEF), epidemiology, prognosis, advanced imaging, biomarkers, genomics, and emerging therapies. The authors advocate for a precision medicine approach using advanced diagnostics and individualized care to better manage this under-recognized group.
Featured Reviews
The uses of right heart catheterization in cardio-pulmonary disease
This state-of-the-art review highlights the continued importance of right heart catheterization (RHC) as a key diagnostic and management tool in a wide range of cardio-pulmonary conditions. It covers its role in heart failure (including advanced therapies and shock), pulmonary hypertension classification, valvular disease, and other complex scenarios, while discussing modern techniques, interpretation of hemodynamics, and integration with non-invasive tools.
Featured Reviews
A contemporary review on heart failure with improved ejection fraction
This contemporary review focuses on heart failure with improved ejection fraction (HFimpEF) — a distinct group of patients who start with reduced LVEF (≤40%) and show significant recovery (>10-point increase and follow-up LVEF >40%). It covers definitions, prevalence (20–30%), better prognosis compared to persistent HFrEF, predictors of improvement, mechanisms of reverse remodeling, and ongoing management strategies, including the importance of continuing guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) to prevent relapse.
Featured Reviews
Maternal heart failure: state-of-the-art review
This state-of-the-art review addresses heart failure (HF) during pregnancy — the most common cardiovascular complication in pregnant women. It covers physiological cardiovascular changes in pregnancy, pathophysiology of decompensation (including peripartum cardiomyopathy), diagnostic approaches, risk stratification, and tailored management strategies while balancing maternal and fetal safety.
Featured Reviews
Clinical Update in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
This clinical update reviews the latest evidence on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), which accounts for about half of all heart failure cases. It covers epidemiology, complex pathophysiology (inflammation, microvascular dysfunction, comorbidities), diagnosis, and emerging treatments — with special emphasis on cardiometabolic interventions such as SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and comprehensive management of obesity, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and CKD
Featured Reviews
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: What Clinicians Should Know
This clinical review provides a practical overview of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) — a distinct form of heart disease in patients with diabetes that occurs independently of coronary artery disease or hypertension. It covers pathophysiology (myocardial fibrosis, inflammation, metabolic dysfunction), diagnosis, risk stratification, and current management strategies to help clinicians recognize and treat this underappreciated cause of heart failure in diabetic patients.
Featured Reviews
A Narrative Review on Broken Heart Syndrome: A Guide for Clinicians to Understand Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
This narrative review provides a practical clinician’s guide to Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM), also known as Broken Heart Syndrome. It covers epidemiology, multifactorial pathophysiology (catecholamine surge, microvascular dysfunction, myocardial stunning), clinical presentation that mimics acute coronary syndrome, diagnostic approach, potential complications, and supportive management. Most patients recover rapidly, but short-term risks (arrhythmias, shock, thrombus) and recurrence remain important considerations.
Featured Reviews
Diuretic Treatment in Heart Failure: A Practical Guide for Clinicians
This practical narrative review serves as a clinician-friendly guide to diuretic therapy in heart failure. It covers the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of loop diuretics (furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide), optimal use in acute decompensated HF, strategies to overcome diuretic resistance, side effects, adjunct therapies, and special populations. Emphasis is placed on individualized, stepped dosing approaches and the central role of loop diuretics in relieving congestion.
Featured Reviews
Management of patients with heart failure and chronic kidney disease
This comprehensive review addresses the complex management of patients with coexisting heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) — two highly prevalent and interrelated conditions. It discusses shared pathophysiology, challenges in drug dosing and tolerance due to altered pharmacokinetics, evidence-based therapies (including RAAS inhibitors, ARNI, SGLT2 inhibitors, and MRAs), and a stepwise, phenotype-based approach tailored to different stages of CKD and HF types.
Featured Reviews
Current Management and Future Directions of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Contemporary Review
This 2018 review provides an overview of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) — a complex, heterogeneous syndrome common in the elderly. It discusses pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, limited evidence-based treatments, guideline recommendations, and the need for phenotype-specific approaches. The authors highlight the promise of big data analytics and precision medicine to identify better-targeted therapies for this difficult-to-treat condition.
Featured Reviews
Hyponatremia in Heart Failure: Pathogenesis and Management
This review explores hyponatremia — a common and prognostically important electrolyte disorder in heart failure patients. It details the underlying mechanisms (non-osmotic vasopressin release, neurohormonal activation, and diuretic effects), its association with worse short- and long-term outcomes, and practical management strategies including fluid restriction, vasopressin antagonists, and careful diuretic use.
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