Vascular Medicine

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Featured Reviews

Carotid artery stenting versus carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic or asymptomatic extracranial carotid stenosis: A national cohort study

This large U.S. national cohort study (2016–2020) analyzed 374,875 patients with carotid artery stenosis (344,020 asymptomatic and 30,855 symptomatic). Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) was associated with lower mortality, fewer adverse events, and higher rates of home discharge compared to carotid artery stenting (CAS) in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.

 

Featured Reviews

Pharmacotherapy and Revascularization Strategies of Peripheral Artery Disease

This comprehensive review covers the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and modern management of peripheral artery disease (PAD). It discusses evidence-based pharmacotherapy (antiplatelets, statins, rivaroxaban, cilostazol), lifestyle interventions, supervised exercise, and revascularization options (endovascular and surgical) for patients ranging from intermittent claudication to critical limb-threatening ischemia.

 

Featured Reviews

Temporal Trends and Outcomes of Peripheral Artery Disease and Critical Limb Ischemia in the United States

This national study examined trends and outcomes of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and critical limb ischemia (CLI) in the United States using recent hospitalization data. It analyzes changes in incidence, in-hospital mortality, amputation rates, and healthcare utilization over time, providing real-world insights into the evolving burden of this progressive atherosclerotic disease.

 

Featured Reviews

A Practical Clinical Approach to Navigate Pulmonary Embolism Management: A Primer and Narrative Review of the Evolving Landscape

This practical primer and narrative review provides a comprehensive, up-to-date guide to pulmonary embolism (PE) management. It covers pathophysiology, modern risk stratification, cardiac evaluation, and tailored treatment strategies across low-, intermediate-, and high-risk PE. The paper highlights advances in direct oral anticoagulants, catheter-directed therapies (thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy), supportive care, and the role of multidisciplinary Pulmonary Embolism Response Teams (PERT)

 

Featured Reviews

Opportunities and Limitations of Renal Denervation: Where Do We Stand?

This review evaluates renal denervation (RDN) — a catheter-based procedure that ablates renal sympathetic nerves — as a treatment for uncontrolled and resistant hypertension. It summarizes second-generation sham-controlled trials using multipolar radiofrequency and ultrasound technologies that demonstrated significant blood pressure reductions and led to FDA approval. The paper discusses current opportunities, patient selection, safety profile, limitations, and future directions for this adjunctive therapy.

Featured Reviews

Non-Coronary Atherosclerotic Arterial Disease: Where Are We Now?

This review focuses on lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) and upper extremity artery disease — major non-coronary atherosclerotic conditions that are often underdiagnosed and undertreated. It covers risk factors, clinical presentations, diagnostic tools (including ankle-brachial index and imaging), and current management strategies, highlighting that PAD carries a high cardiovascular risk comparable to or worse than coronary artery disease.

 

Featured Reviews

Advancements in Revascularization Strategies for Acute Mesenteric Ischemia: A Comprehensive Review

This narrative review discusses modern approaches to revascularization in acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) — a life-threatening condition with persistently high morbidity and mortality. It compares traditional open surgical revascularization with increasingly used endovascular techniques and emerging hybrid strategies, while exploring the potential benefits of specialized intestinal stroke centers.

 

Featured Reviews

Incidence and outcomes of hospitalized acute ischemic stroke patients with subsequent ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction

This large U.S. national study (2016–2021) analyzed 2,804,819 patients hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Of these, 6,550 (0.23%) developed concurrent ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Patients with AIS + STEMI had dramatically worse outcomes, including much higher in-hospital mortality (24.96% vs. 3.10%), cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, and acute kidney injury. The incidence of STEMI after AIS declined modestly over time (from ~0.3% to ~0.2%).
Featured Reviews

Carotid artery stenosis: a guide for clinicians

This practical narrative review serves as a clinician’s guide to carotid artery stenosis (CS) — a major cause of ischemic stroke. It covers epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic approaches (duplex ultrasound, CTA, MRA), current guidelines for medical therapy, and revascularization options (carotid endarterectomy vs. stenting) for both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.
Featured Reviews

Precision medicine in Moyamoya vasculopathy

This review explores the shift toward precision medicine in Moyamoya vasculopathy — a progressive steno-occlusive cerebrovascular disease. It highlights genetic factors (especially RNF213 p.R4810K variant), multiomic biomarkers, advanced neuroimaging, AI-assisted diagnostics, and individualized approaches to antiplatelet therapy and revascularization (direct vs. indirect bypass).
Featured Reviews

Lifestyle Approach and Medical Therapy of Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease

This review emphasizes non-invasive strategies for managing lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD). It highlights lifestyle interventions (smoking cessation, exercise, diet, weight management, mental health) and medical therapies (statins, antiplatelets, glycemic control, blood pressure management) to reduce cardiovascular events, major adverse limb events, and improve quality of life in PAD patients.
Featured Reviews

Carotid and Renal Vascular Disease

This narrative review covers three major non-coronary atherosclerotic conditions: carotid artery disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and atherosclerotic renal artery disease. It provides an overview of clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, medical management, and interventional approaches for each, aiming to improve clinician understanding and patient care in these high-risk vascular diseases.

 

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